Introduction to
Flight Data Analysis
FDA 101

Your first Quiz? When high pressure moves into a low pressure area, how does it affect the aircraft altitude parameter value?

In FDA 101, the student reviews ‘live’ data from several aircraft models in order to differentiate between normal and abnormal flight data. This learning approach helps the student acquire the necessary visual awareness for quickly detecting gross deviations in standard parameter behaviour. During the course flight data – displayed in engineering units – is inspected for violations in range and accuracy in accordance with established regulatory limits. This further enhances the students analytical skills which is helpful during analysis of events and incidents. Throughout the class, flight data waveforms are analyzed based on aircraft aerodynamics, avionics & systems functionality, airport configuration and mapping, flight route & phases, navigational aids, static & dynamic sensor behaviour, and standard operational procedures. In addition, FDR regulation (i.e. – required sampling rates, resolution, accuracy, range, and correlation) and methods for ensuring continued airworthiness are mastered in order to instill a sense of compliance in the student.

Prerequisite: Knowledge of aircraft systems, avionics, aircraft performance, aeronautical charts, airspace, and part 121 and/or 135 operations can be beneficial.

Put your Flight Data Analysis skill to Work!

Compliance

Whether your vendor performs the FDR readout or you handle in-house, you are still responsible for compliance with ICAO, FAA and-or EUROCAE mandates. Learn the what, why, where, and how of FDR compliance so you are prepared to respond to questions raised by the regulator

Analytics

In addition to FDR readout, flight data analysis is useful for analysis of hard landings, flap speed exceedances, engine overtemps, and more

Flight Data Monitoring

The parameter knowledge gained in this course is extremely beneficial when applied to the interpretation of FDM/FOQA events, incidents, and ASAP investigations

Apply your learning in a wide variety of areas:

  1. FDR readout
  2. FDM/FOQA
  3. SOP compliance
  4. FDR STC certification
  5. Avionics Validation
  6. Aircraft systems troubleshooting
  7. Event & Incident analysis
  8. Root cause analysis
  9. Engine Health Monitoring
  10. Risk assessment
  11. Accident investigation

Here, I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the valuable training we received. The knowledge and skills gained have already proven useful, and I’m confident they will continue to benefit us moving forward. A special thanks to the team for their dedication and support throughout the process. Your guidance has been instrumental in our development, and we look forward to applying these insights to our work.

Once again, thank you for this opportunity!

– Lt Kolonel Mohd Sani Bin Shafie
Aircraft Accident Investigator
Malaysia Ministry of Transportation
Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau

Learn more about how FDA 101 can benefit your organization

Learn more about how Flight Data Simulation can benefit your organization.

Learn more about how DAE for Aerospace can benefit your organization

How do I modify my FDR to record more than 25 hours?

You can modify the program pins at the rear of the SSFDR to uptick your recording hours. For example, if you have a Honeywell PN 980-4700-XXX installed, you can alter the ‘ground/open’ discrete wiring at pin 17 & 18 of the SSFDR mating connector to increase your recording capacity.

How can determine the amount of hours recorded by my FDR?

The amount of recorded hours is dependent on a combination of your FDAU wps output and FDR maximum allowable recording speed. If there is a one to one relationship between the two units, i.e. – 64 wps FDAU with a 64 wps FDR, you will record the last 25 hours of flight data. This also applies to the case when the FDAU and FDR are both 128wps, 256wps, or even higher. If there is a mismatch between the FDAU and FDR speed, a small and simple calculation can be made to determine actual flight hour recording capacity. See the figure below for the various possibilities:

How can I determine the speed of my Flight Data Recording system in words per second (wps)?

There are basically 4 ways to determine your speed, with the 4th being a bit more involved. First, the speed should be listed or documented in chapter 31 of your aircraft Maintenance Manual and/or Wiring Diagram Manual. However there are times when for some reason, the required information cannot be found. If this is the case, as a second method, you may reference the CMM or technical specification for your Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU). If you are still unable to find this information, you may contact the aircraft manufacturer for the wps or review your previous FDR download analysis reports. Please keep in mind, the OEM will only know the as-delivered configuration of your aircraft. If there were modifications to your aircraft post-delivery – manufacturer unaware of the changes – youll need to contact us for an analysis of your raw data. Using our software we can determine the wps of your system.

With regard to Flight Data Recorder Systems, what exactly does wps imply? I have noticed this abbreviation in our FDR documentation and in communications with the manufacturer several times:

WPS = words per second. A word (12-bits in length) contains binary data which represents a specific parameter value. Please see figure 1 below. Your FDR records in frames (4 second intervals) and each frame contains 4 sub frames (one sub frame = 1 second). With each second that goes by a specific quantity of words are recorded into memory. If you operate a 64 wps FDR system, you will record 64 12-bit words in one second. The higher the word capacity the more information you can record.

What is a Dataframe Layout (DFL)?

A DFL, also known by the name Logical Frame Layout (LFL), Dataframe Interface Control & Requirements Document, and many other names depending on the manufacturer, is a document which specifies the FDR, QAR, or DAR Parameter Word (location), Recording Speed, Sampling Rate, Bits, and Conversion formulae for your recording system.  

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